Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article

Skip to comments.

Did Dark Matter Power Early Stars?
Universe Today ^ | 1/02/09 | Nancy Atkinson

Posted on 01/02/2009 11:46:33 PM PST by LibWhacker

The first stars to light the early universe may have been powered by dark matter, according to a new study. Researchers from the University of Michagan, Ann Arbor call these very first stars "Dark Stars," and propose that dark matter heating provided the energy for these stars instead of fusion. The researchers propose that with a high concentration of dark matter in the early Universe, the theoretical particles called Weakly Interacting Massive Particles(WIMPs), collected inside the first stars and annihilated themselves to produce a heat source to power the stars. "We studied the behavior of WIMPs in the first stars," said Katherine Freese and her team in their paper, "and found that they can radically alter the stellar evolution. The annihilation products of the dark matter inside the star can be trapped and deposit enough energy to heat the star and prevent it from further collapse."

The philosophy behind this research is that 95% of the mass in galaxies and clusters of galaxies is in the form of an unknown type matter, dark matter. The researchers say, "The first stars to form in the universe are a natural place to look for significant amounts of dark matter annihilation, because they form at the right place and the right time. They form at high redshifts, when the universe was still substantially denser than it is today, and at the high density centers of dark matter haloes."

The concentration of dark matter at that time would have been extremely high meaning that any ordinary stars would naturally contain large amounts of dark matter.

Dark stars would have been driven by the annihilation of dark matter particles releasing heat but only in stars larger than 400 solar masses. That turns out to be quite feasible since stars containing smaller amounts of dark matter would naturally grow as they swept up dark matter from nearby space.

The stars continued, and may still continue to be powered by dark matter annihilation as long as there is dark matter for fuel. When the dark matter runs out, they simply collapse to form black holes.

If they exist, Dark Stars should be able to be detected with future telescopes, and if found, would enable the study of WIMPs, and therefore be able to prove the existence of dark matter.


TOPICS: Astronomy; Science
KEYWORDS: dark; darkmatter; matter; power; stars; stringtheory

1 posted on 01/02/2009 11:46:34 PM PST by LibWhacker
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | View Replies]

To: SunkenCiv

/mark


2 posted on 01/03/2009 12:15:41 AM PST by KoRn
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: LibWhacker

Does it really matter?


3 posted on 01/03/2009 12:16:51 AM PST by TomasUSMC ( FIGHT LIKE WW2, FINISH LIKE WW2. FIGHT LIKE NAM, FINISH LIKE NAM)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: LibWhacker

Dark matter can’t be detected in any way, but we know it exists because scientists tell us so, and they are never wrong.


4 posted on 01/03/2009 12:23:22 AM PST by Tailgunner Joe
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: TomasUSMC
Does it really matter?

Discovery of energy related to certain subatomic physics a hundred years ago led to these things being deployed 65 years ago:

So yeah, I'd say it really matters.

5 posted on 01/03/2009 12:32:04 AM PST by Yossarian (Everyday, somewhere on the globe, somebody is pushing the frontier of stupidity...)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 3 | View Replies]

To: LibWhacker

cool! so dark matter, creates dark stars, which collapse to create black holes, which suck in stars and space stuff around them? so do the xrays* emitted change back into dark matter? or do the black holes, when they ultimately evaporate, (per Hawkins) change back into dark matter?

*I’m not sure if it’s xrays I’m talking about (it can’t be light, right?), but every picture I see of a black hole has two streams, top and bottom, streaming out from the center of the hole as pictured here: http://hubblesite.org/explore_astronomy/black_holes/encyclopedia.html


6 posted on 01/03/2009 1:46:43 AM PST by blueplum
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: TomasUSMC
Does it really matter?

If you have not heard of dark matter, Dr. Zwicky came up with the theory in the 1930s. Some scientist think that dark matter could be God. The invisible God. It is present in everything in the universe. Some Scientist say dark matter is what hold the universe together.

And this is me thinking: when Einstein talks about changing the fabric of space and time, could this be the changing of dark matter? I am thinking along these lines: God is space and time. Space and time is present everywhere. Space and time can change too. For instance, time can slow down or speed up. BTW: what is the speed of dark :-) Dark matter could be another dimension of God or God in His complete form. The theory is that dark matter is present in everything in the universe. If dark matter is God, this is how God is present in you and I.

The Hubble telescope is showing an unknown matter clumping up at the edges of the Universe. Some Scientist say that this is dark matter and this is the beginning of time. The Hubble is showing the universe expanding in all four directions from the the Milky Way. The funny thing is, the stars are not expanding further away from each other. If all of the universe is expanding the stars would be getting further away from each other as they expand. Some Scientist say there is another force stronger then gravity that is holding the universe together. They think it is the dark matter that is doing this job.

Some Christians reject dark matter as being God because they feel that God is spirit not matter. I feel that I am not worthy to limit God's power. If God wants to be matter, God could be matter without any problem.

This is theory and I think worthy of debate

7 posted on 01/03/2009 2:15:45 AM PST by do the dhue (They've got us surrounded again. The poor bastards. - One of General Abram's men)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 3 | View Replies]

To: metmom

ping


8 posted on 01/03/2009 2:16:58 AM PST by do the dhue (They've got us surrounded again. The poor bastards. - One of General Abram's men)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 7 | View Replies]

To: Tailgunner Joe
Dark matter can’t be detected in any way, but we know it exists because scientists tell us so, and they are never wrong.

No, the evidence for dark matter is strong, though not conclusive. Dark matter is matter that does not interact with electromagnetic fields (light) but has mass. It's presence is inferred from the observed large scale distribution and velocity of ordinary matter. If you have an explanation for these observations that is consistent with the laws of physics (i.e., consistent with observations on the scale of the solar system) book your reservations for Stockholm.

9 posted on 01/03/2009 2:29:46 AM PST by Lonesome in Massachussets (The Democratic Party strongly supports full civil rights for Necro-Americans.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 4 | View Replies]

To: Lonesome in Massachussets
the evidence for dark matter is strong, though not conclusive. Dark matter is matter that does not interact with electromagnetic fields (light) but has mass.

There are two basic forms of dark matter, baryonic and non-baryonic. Baryonic is ordinary matter which we, for one reason or another, simply cannot see, because, either, it isn't emitting light or it isn't reflecting light. The other form that you refer to is the non-baryonic form. My guess is that our theories of gravity are not quite right (on the large scale) and so we are wrongly inferring that the non-baryonic stuff exists.

10 posted on 01/03/2009 3:41:46 AM PST by ETL (Smoking gun evidence on ALL the ObamaRat-commie connections at my newly revised FR Home/About page)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 9 | View Replies]

To: Lonesome in Massachussets
[non-baryonic] Dark matter is matter that does not interact with electromagnetic fields (light)...

IF it actually exists, it wouldn't interact with ANY form of electromagnetic radiation, not just the visible light portion of it. This would include: x-rays, gamma rays, ultra-violet, microwaves, etc, etc.

11 posted on 01/03/2009 3:46:57 AM PST by ETL (Smoking gun evidence on ALL the ObamaRat-commie connections at my newly revised FR Home/About page)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 10 | View Replies]

To: Tailgunner Joe

Same with anti matter?


12 posted on 01/03/2009 4:50:55 AM PST by Vaduz
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 4 | View Replies]

To: LibWhacker

What it means is that all the theories proposed to date don’t work and lead to absurdities, so they have to invent something that fixes the broken theories.
Time to start all over again trying to figure out the Universe.


13 posted on 01/03/2009 5:07:45 AM PST by Leftism is Mentally Deranged (liberalism = serious mental deficiency)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: blueplum

That isn’t an xray that is a jet of gas. If there is a large rotating body surrounded by gas there are two main features. Accretion disc and a Plasma jet. Accretion disc sort of looks like Saturn’s rings but extend all the way towards the black hole. The plasma jet is gas from the Accretion disc that some how gains energy from the spinning of the black hole. The jets can extend hundreds or thousands of light years and are extremely fast moving and hot.


14 posted on 01/03/2009 5:49:59 AM PST by ciwwaf
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 6 | View Replies]

To: do the dhue

“The Hubble is showing the universe expanding in all four directions from the the Milky Way. The funny thing is, the stars are not expanding further away from each other. If all of the universe is expanding the stars would be getting further away from each other as they expand.”

Distance and orbital dynamics.

Imagine the moon rotating around the earth in an exact circle. If you suddenly “Create space” in between the earth and the moon what would happen? One would imagine the earth and the moon would be orbiting further apart. Which they would for a while. What would actually happen is the orbit would become slight elongated and eventually back into the original circular orbit.

Distance is another factor. 1,000 light years compared to 1 million will be very differently scaled results.

As for god? Thats up to you and any one else.


15 posted on 01/03/2009 5:50:00 AM PST by ciwwaf
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 7 | View Replies]

To: do the dhue

Gen 1:1-3 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

The earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the waters.

Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light.


16 posted on 01/03/2009 6:02:13 AM PST by metmom (Welfare was never meant to be a career choice.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 7 | View Replies]

To: metmom

OK

that blows me theory away.


17 posted on 01/03/2009 6:05:34 AM PST by do the dhue (They've got us surrounded again. The poor bastards. - One of General Abram's men)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 16 | View Replies]

To: ETL
My point was that there is observational evidence for “dark matter”. Anyone who can come up with a better explanation for the observations should book their reservations for Stockholm.

Dark Matter is not like “global warming”, a politicized weakly validated theory, rather it is a placeholder until a more comprehensive theory is conceived. If that ever happens.

18 posted on 01/03/2009 6:06:24 AM PST by Lonesome in Massachussets (The Democratic Party strongly supports full civil rights for Necro-Americans.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 11 | View Replies]

To: Vaduz

Actually anti-matter does exist and has been created in colliders.


19 posted on 01/03/2009 6:11:02 AM PST by mad_as_he$$ (Nemo me impune lacessit.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 12 | View Replies]

To: Lonesome in Massachussets
My point was that there is observational evidence for “dark matter”. Anyone who can come up with a better explanation for the observations should book their reservations for Stockholm.

Alternative explanations for "dark matter" observations:

"A proposed alternative to physical dark matter particles has been to suppose that the observed inconsistencies are due to an incomplete understanding of gravitation. To explain the observations, the gravitational force has to become stronger than the Newtonian approximation at great distances or in weak fields. One of the proposed models is Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), which adjusts Newton's laws at small acceleration. However, constructing a relativistic MOND theory has been troublesome, and it is not clear how the theory can be reconciled with gravitational lensing measurements of the deflection of light around galaxies. The leading relativistic MOND theory, proposed by Jacob Bekenstein in 2004 is called TeVeS for Tensor-Vector-Scalar and solves many of the problems of earlier attempts. However, a study in August 2006 reported an observation of a pair of colliding galaxy clusters whose behavior, it was claimed, was not compatible with any current modified gravity theories.[25]

In 2007, John W. Moffatt proposed a theory of modified gravity (MOG) based on the Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theory (NGT) that claims to account for the behavior of colliding galaxies.[26]"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter#Modifications_of_gravity

20 posted on 01/03/2009 6:18:41 AM PST by ETL (Smoking gun evidence on ALL the ObamaRat-commie connections at my newly revised FR Home/About page)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 18 | View Replies]

To: ciwwaf
The edges of the universe are expanding but the universe itself is not expanding; and it is expanding from the middle outward. The way the Hubble sees it, this puts the Milky Way in the center of the universe.

OK, Although I think my theory is no good, lets go with galaxies are held in place by orbital dynamics. If orbital dynamics include the bending of space, this can cause the galaxies to collide. Einstein's theory says to stretch fabric out tightly, place a bowling ball in the middle, place a marble at the edge of the fabric, and the marble rolls toward the bowling ball because the fabric is pushing on it, not because of the gravitational pull of the bowling ball. The smaller galaxies would eventually collide with the larger galaxies for the same reason. The moon will collide with the earth, the earth with the sun. It would all work the same. This may be why the stars are not moving farther apart with the expansion of the universe. I don't know, I am just running with the ball. Most likely in the wrong direction.

21 posted on 01/03/2009 6:31:41 AM PST by do the dhue (They've got us surrounded again. The poor bastards. - One of General Abram's men)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 15 | View Replies]

To: ETL

We don’t disagree. I called “dark matter” a place holder for a more consistent theory. MOND is one candidate.


22 posted on 01/03/2009 6:42:02 AM PST by Lonesome in Massachussets (The Democratic Party strongly supports full civil rights for Necro-Americans.)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 20 | View Replies]

To: do the dhue
The edges of the universe are expanding but the universe itself is not expanding; and it is expanding from the middle outward. The way the Hubble sees it, this puts the Milky Way in the center of the universe.

Nope. Every part of the universe is moving away from every other part as space-time itself expands. It's often described as raisins moving away from each other in a rising loaf of bread, the raisins representing galaxies and other such objects in space.

23 posted on 01/03/2009 6:44:15 AM PST by ETL (Smoking gun evidence on ALL the ObamaRat-commie connections at my newly revised FR Home/About page)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 21 | View Replies]

To: ETL

The hubble is not showing this to be true.


24 posted on 01/03/2009 6:46:19 AM PST by do the dhue (They've got us surrounded again. The poor bastards. - One of General Abram's men)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 23 | View Replies]

To: do the dhue
OK, Although I think my theory is no good..."

Oops! Didn't catch the part until later. :)

25 posted on 01/03/2009 6:46:51 AM PST by ETL (Smoking gun evidence on ALL the ObamaRat-commie connections at my newly revised FR Home/About page)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 21 | View Replies]

To: do the dhue
OK, Although I think my theory is no good..."

Oops! Didn't catch that part until later. :)

26 posted on 01/03/2009 6:47:00 AM PST by ETL (Smoking gun evidence on ALL the ObamaRat-commie connections at my newly revised FR Home/About page)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 21 | View Replies]

To: ciwwaf

This is not good because the Milky Way would have to be the biggest galaxy.


27 posted on 01/03/2009 6:47:19 AM PST by do the dhue (They've got us surrounded again. The poor bastards. - One of General Abram's men)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 21 | View Replies]

To: do the dhue
The Hubble is not showing this to be true.

Sure it is.

From your earlier post:

The Hubble is showing the universe expanding in all four directions from the the Milky Way. The funny thing is, the stars are not expanding further away from each other. If all of the universe is expanding the stars would be getting further away from each other as they expand. Some Scientists say there is another force stronger then gravity that is holding the universe together. They think it is the dark matter that is doing this job.

On 'local' scales, such as those within galaxies, gravity fights off the Hubble expansion (universal expansion), and so isn't much at all of a factor, if at all. The Hubble expansion can only be observed on much larger scales, where entire galaxies become 'pinpoints' in comparison.

Also, you wrote "in all four directions"? I think you meant "in every direction".

28 posted on 01/03/2009 6:58:00 AM PST by ETL (Smoking gun evidence on ALL the ObamaRat-commie connections at my newly revised FR Home/About page)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 24 | View Replies]

Astronomers Aim to Grasp Mysterious Dark Matter (In search of WIMPs)
Space.com on Yahoo | 12/29/08 | Clara Moskowitz
Posted on 12/29/2008 2:46:01 PM PST by NormsRevenge
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2155772/posts

Cosmic-ray hot spots puzzle researchers
- Proton discovery may cast doubt on dark-matter...
Nature News | 26 November 2008 | Philip Ball
Posted on 11/29/2008 1:24:32 PM PST by neverdem
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2140118/posts

Discovered: Cosmic Rays from a Mysterious, Nearby Object
NASA | Nov 19th, 2008
Posted on 11/20/2008 11:23:12 AM PST by TaraP
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/2135448/posts


29 posted on 01/03/2009 7:05:22 AM PST by SunkenCiv (https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/_______Profile finally updated Saturday, December 6, 2008 !!!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: KoRn; AdmSmith; bvw; callisto; ckilmer; dandelion; ganeshpuri89; gobucks; KevinDavis; ...
Thanks KoRn.

30 posted on 01/03/2009 7:06:36 AM PST by SunkenCiv (https://secure.freerepublic.com/donate/_______Profile finally updated Saturday, December 6, 2008 !!!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 2 | View Replies]

To: LibWhacker
I can't believe, with all the Deadheads on FR, that nobody has posted this yet, so here goes....

Dark star crashes, pouring its light into ashes.
Reason tatters, the forces tear loose from the axis.
Searchlight casting for faults in the clouds of delusion.
Shall we go, you and I while we can
Through the transitive nightfall of diamonds?

Mirror shatters in formless reflections of matter.
Glass hand dissolving to ice petal flowers revolving.
Lady in velvet recedes in the nights of good-bye.
Shall we go, you and I while we can
Through the transitive nightfall of diamonds?

31 posted on 01/03/2009 7:58:58 AM PST by dayglored (Listen, strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of government!)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: mad_as_he$$

And in Positron Emission Tomography scanners at your local cancer hospital.


32 posted on 01/03/2009 7:58:58 AM PST by DevNet (!dimensio || !solitron)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 19 | View Replies]

To: LibWhacker

/


33 posted on 01/03/2009 8:52:17 AM PST by happinesswithoutpeace (You are receiving this broadcast as a dream)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 1 | View Replies]

To: ETL
Also, you wrote "in all four directions"? I think you meant "in every direction".

Yea, I was hoping that would cover it all. :-)

I had not read that yet about the hubble.

Thanks,

34 posted on 01/03/2009 10:36:07 AM PST by do the dhue (They've got us surrounded again. The poor bastards. - One of General Abram's men)
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 28 | View Replies]

To: do the dhue

Stars inside galaxies maintain their distance from each other by being in common rotation around a central core.

But the distance between galaxies is increasing. That’s what “expanding universe” means.

The distance between earth and other stars in our galaxy isn’t increasing, but the distance between our galaxy and all other galaxies is increasing.

And, it’s increasing at an increasing rate.

The rate of expansion is getting bigger.

The expansion not only shows no signs of slowing down, but seems instead to be speeding up.

It seems to any observer in any galaxy that his galaxy is “at the center of the universe” because the expanding universe is not like the expansion of an exploding powder keg but rather the expansion of space itself.


35 posted on 01/03/2009 1:50:39 PM PST by samtheman
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 21 | View Replies]

To: TomasUSMC; LibWhacker
Does it really matter?

I'd like to a little of the Mind Of God.

But we presumably live in a universe now in which the overall net mass is thought dark matter. Why wouldn't it seem to so interact now? HAPPY NEW YEAR, ALL!

36 posted on 01/03/2009 2:13:47 PM PST by onedoug
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 3 | View Replies]

To: ciwwaf
“That isn’t an xray that is a jet of gas. If there is a large rotating body surrounded by gas there are two main features. Accretion disc and a Plasma jet. Accretion disc sort of looks like Saturn’s rings but extend all the way towards the black hole. The plasma jet is gas from the Accretion disc that some how gains energy from the spinning of the black hole. The jets can extend hundreds or thousands of light years and are extremely fast moving and hot.

thanks!

So, my next neantherthal-recessive question is, are blackholes a two-way machine? is a black hole a dark matter (WIMP) consumer AND generator? could the ejected plasma/matter/dust combo ( plasma's sanitizing, de-isotoping and/or ‘etching’ effects on objects it encounters as it travels out hundreds of light years) create conditions for (re)formation (bonding) of WIMPS, replenishing/increasing the dark matter in the universe?

I'm not sure how all this fits together, but plasma jets created on earth from gases, have sanitizing and anti-radiation properties (degrading radio isotopes)
http://www.p2pays.org/ref/14/0_initiatives/init/spring01/plasma.htm
and also of etching surfaces to enhance bonding:
http://www.corotec.com/products/product3.html?id=1138127088

according to this article, the black hole ejects matter into the plasma stream - would that matter be de-isotoped by the plasma?:
http://uk.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUKN2338757920080423?sp=true

“”A black hole is a concentration of mass so dense that little can escape its gravitational pull. Aller said in a telephone interview that as objects fall into the black hole, others get shot out at very high velocities.”

according to this article, it must be pretty extreme magnetic field bending for an escape velocity of 99.9% the speed of light (are there sonic booms?):

http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=black-hole-plasma-jets-trace-corkscrew-path

37 posted on 01/03/2009 6:00:30 PM PST by blueplum
[ Post Reply | Private Reply | To 14 | View Replies]

Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.

Free Republic
Browse · Search
General/Chat
Topics · Post Article

FreeRepublic, LLC, PO BOX 9771, FRESNO, CA 93794
FreeRepublic.com is powered by software copyright 2000-2008 John Robinson