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Study Detects Recent Instance of Human Evolution
New York Times ^ | 10 December 2006 | Nicholas Wade

Posted on 12/10/2006 2:44:11 PM PST by Alter Kaker

A surprisingly recent instance of human evolution has been detected among the peoples of East Africa. It is the ability to digest milk in adulthood, conferred by genetic changes that occurred as recently as 3,000 years ago, a team of geneticists has found.

The finding is a striking example of a cultural practice — the raising of dairy cattle — feeding back into the human genome. It also seems to be one of the first instances of convergent human evolution to be documented at the genetic level. Convergent evolution refers to two or more populations acquiring the same trait independently.

Throughout most of human history, the ability to digest lactose, the principal sugar of milk, has been switched off after weaning because there is no further need for the lactase enzyme that breaks the sugar apart. But when cattle were first domesticated 9,000 years ago and people later started to consume their milk as well as their meat, natural selection would have favored anyone with a mutation that kept the lactase gene switched on.

Such a mutation is known to have arisen among an early cattle-raising people, the Funnel Beaker culture, which flourished some 5,000 to 6,000 years ago in north-central Europe. People with a persistently active lactase gene have no problem digesting milk and are said to be lactose tolerant.

(Excerpt) Read more at nytimes.com ...


TOPICS: Culture/Society; Miscellaneous
KEYWORDS: agriculture; animalhusbandry; crevolist; dietandcuisine; evolution; godsgravesglyphs; helixmakemineadouble; human; milk
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To: LonePalm

Dammit man! I had to cover my mouth to keep from spewing luke warm coffee on my monitor and keyboard!


101 posted on 12/11/2006 10:37:59 AM PST by null and void (I'm not a great American. I'm a grateful American ~ Morrill Worcester (Worcester Wreath Co.))
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To: AndrewC

"However, certain human populations have undergone a mutation on chromosome 2 which results in a bypass of the common shutdown in lactase production, allowing members of these populations to continue consumption of fresh milk and other milk products throughout their lives."

http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Lactose_intolerance


102 posted on 12/11/2006 10:57:10 AM PST by GourmetDan
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To: Boxen
"Who created the creator? After all, if something exists, it must have a creator."

This is only true if reality is limited to 4 dimensions.

A creator existing in 4+ dimensions does not require a beginning since he is not bound by time.

103 posted on 12/11/2006 11:03:24 AM PST by GourmetDan
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To: 3Lean
Since evolution is generally considered in the context of speciation

Actually, it isn't. Evolution is just change in allele frequencies over time. That can be caused by selection, which can take a number of forms including natural, sexual and artificial.

104 posted on 12/11/2006 11:53:48 AM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: Alter Kaker; 3Lean
"Actually, it isn't. Evolution is just change in allele frequencies over time."

This renders the term 'evolution' meaningless since it easily accomodates populations accumulating deleterious mutations.

This would allow evolutionists to claim that populations that are in catastrophic error-catastrophe are 'evolving' when they are actually in genetic meltdown.

Coincidental?

105 posted on 12/11/2006 12:06:18 PM PST by GourmetDan
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To: GourmetDan
This renders the term 'evolution' meaningless since it easily accomodates populations accumulating deleterious mutations. This would allow evolutionists to claim that populations that are in catastrophic error-catastrophe are 'evolving' when they are actually in genetic meltdown.

Huh? Populations don't go into "catastrophic error-catastrophe" (whatever that is). That violates the principle of natural selection -- more fit individuals will survive, which means that there is constant evolutionary pressure towards greater fitness, not less.

106 posted on 12/11/2006 12:16:07 PM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: jim35
There are tons of fossils, lots of evidence of what happened, with some pretty good evidence of when it happened, but practically nothing but raw speculation, ever changing, about how it happened.

I think your first clause disproves yours second. We know how it happened: selection, mutation, gene flow and genetic drift, and we can readily and repeatedly observe those four forces in the fossil and genetic record.

We know that hydrogen didn't evolve, that it was somehow created.

I don't know what "evolve" means in that context. Evolution in the biological sense refers to a change in allele frequencies over time. Hydrogen has no alleles. It did not "evolve". Hydrogen did form approximately 300,000 years after the Big Bang, per cosmologists, when atomic nuclei and electrons cooled down enough to combine.

Tell me how the first bits of life came about. Then show me your proof.

My answer is: I don't know. Evolution has nothing to say on the matter -- as far as I know, God could have created the first life.

107 posted on 12/11/2006 12:22:22 PM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: RobRoy
People keep calling it a mutation. Why is that?

Because it's a mutation that we can observe in the genetic record. Looking at random mutations over time to that mutation, we can get an approximate date for it's first appearance. Which is exactly what the researchers did in this study.

IOW, this article is opinion.

Nonsense. Out of curiosity, what are your qualifications? Have you read the actual study?

108 posted on 12/11/2006 12:25:07 PM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: Eagle Eye
I don't tolerate high amounts of alcohol like I used to. Am I evolving?

No, but if you continue to consume large quantities of alcohol, your children will possibly evolve, although the resultant mutations are unlikely to be benign or beneficial.

109 posted on 12/11/2006 12:27:09 PM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: jim35
. Just for the sake of info, how do these researchers know when this took place?

By looking at the degree of variation between different copies of the mutated gene, microbiologists can estimate the age of its earliest appearance, as certain mutation rates are reasonably constant. At the present time, this kind of dating is still only approximate, as you'll notice with the date used in this article which has an accuracy of +/- 2000 years.

110 posted on 12/11/2006 12:30:53 PM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: Mamzelle
I guess that's why they can't duplicate Darwinism in the lab--cause that wouldn't be natch'rl.

Maybe you could help us out then -- please describe to me a hypothetical experiment where one could "duplicate Darwinism (sic) in a lab."

111 posted on 12/11/2006 12:32:58 PM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: GourmetDan
Lactose tolerance is just a normal 'loss-of-function' mutation. Nothing supporting evolution here.

Tell yourself whatever you need to tell yourself to believe whatever it is you feel called on to believe.

112 posted on 12/11/2006 12:34:28 PM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: Old Professer
The domestication of mammal herds makes available a source of excess milk but by itself doesn't prove that the enzyme had remained switched off thousands of years before.

No it doesn't. That's why the researchers mentioned in the article conducted the genetic experiment they did, in order to date the mutation.

113 posted on 12/11/2006 12:36:13 PM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: muawiyah
Or, you might have the gene(s) that turn off at adulthood.

I know many adults that should switch from genes altogether, and just wear sweat pants.

114 posted on 12/11/2006 12:38:09 PM PST by D Rider
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To: Alter Kaker
If you don't accept the obvious examples in millenia of animal husbandry, then there's no lab that can duplicate natural selection. In which case, we'd have to way to test the hypothesis other than a historical record.
115 posted on 12/11/2006 12:45:52 PM PST by Mamzelle
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To: Mamzelle
If you don't accept the obvious examples in millenia of animal husbandry, then there's no lab that can duplicate natural selection.

Animal husbandry is the opposite of natural selection. Sorry Mamzelle.

116 posted on 12/11/2006 12:47:04 PM PST by Alter Kaker ("Whatever tears one sheds, in the end one always blows one's nose." - Heine)
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To: Alter Kaker
"Tell yourself whatever you need to tell yourself to believe whatever it is you feel called on to believe."

Like you aren't doing the same thing?

117 posted on 12/11/2006 12:47:20 PM PST by GourmetDan
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To: labette
I would think the casualty rate would be kinda high if milk consumption was attempted before domestication.

LOL True.

118 posted on 12/11/2006 12:50:17 PM PST by MEGoody (Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.)
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To: Alter Kaker
So, is there a lab scenario? Seems to me that if you can't duplicate, you can't demonstrate. So the theory has no scientific, testable accountability, at least in the conventional sense.

Sorry, Alter Kater. Ain't accepting this stuff on faith or even history.

119 posted on 12/11/2006 12:52:51 PM PST by Mamzelle
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To: null and void
It's an additional food source in a famine.

Hmmm. . .makes sense, but I'll have to think about that. Assuming they had domesticated cattle, it would seem the first thing they would do is eat some of the cattle as well as some of the plants the cattle ate.

120 posted on 12/11/2006 12:53:30 PM PST by MEGoody (Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.)
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