Cherokees Spoke Greek and Came from East Mediterranean

DNA Consultants ^ | 17 June 2010 | Donald N. Yates

[Palter]

Possum Creek Stone and Anomalous Cherokee DNA Point to Eastern Mediterranean Origins

In memoriam Gloria Farley

Donald N. Yates

DNA Consultants

Keynote address for Ancient American History and Archeology Conference, Sandy, Utah, April 2, 2010

SUMMARY  Three examples of North American rock art are discussed and placed in the context of ancient Greek and Hebrew civilization. The Red Bird Petroglyphs are compared with Greek and Hebrew coins and the Bat Creek Stone. The Possum Creek Stone discovered by Gloria Farley is identified as a Greek athlete’s victory pedestal. The Thruston Stone is interpreted as a record of the blending of Greek, Cherokee, Native American, Egyptian and Hebrew civilization. Keetoowah Society traditions, as captured in The Vision of Eloh’, are adduced to confirm a general outline of the origins of the Cherokee people in a Ptolemaic Greek trans-Pacific expedition joining pre-arriving Greeks, Jews and Phoenicians in the Ohio Valley around 100 c.e.  Recent DNA investigations showing Egyptian, Jewish and Phoenician female lineages and the Y chromosome of Old Testament Priests among the Cherokee are also touched upon. Greek words and customs in the Cherokee are reviewed as time permits. Slide projector requested.

A cave entrance overlooking the Redbird River, a tributary of the South Fork of the Kentucky River in Clay County, Kentucky in the Daniel Boone National Forest, has inscriptions which according to Kenneth B. Tankersley of the University of Cincinnati display a nineteenth-century example of writing in the Cherokee syllabary. A local resident (Burchell) recognizes Greek writing in one inscription (called Christian Monogram #2) but his reading is unsatisfactory for a number of reasons. Evaluation by experts in Greek and Semitic epigraphy identifies two distinct inscriptions, one in Greek and one in Hebrew.  They appear to be contemporaneous with the Bat Creek Stone unearthed in the 1889 excavation of a tomb in East Tennessee by Cyrus Thomas of the Smithsonian Institution.

Another record of Greek-speaking people in ancient America is the Possum Creek Stone, discovered by Gloria Farley in Oklahoma in the 1970s. It is discussed by her in Volume 2 of In Plain Sight as proof that the man history knows as Sequoyah did not invent the Cherokee syllabary.  The inscription can be read as Greek, HO-NI-KA-SA or ‘o nikasa, i.e. “This is the one who takes the prize of victory,” a common inscription for the pedestal upon which victors were crowned at athletic games.  The use is Homeric, and the spelling Doric.

A third piece of evidence helps fill in the background of the arrival of Greeks and their intermarriage with Asiatic and other Indians in North America. In 1870, an engraved 19 x 15 inch limestone tablet was uncovered in a mound excavation on Rocky Creek near Castalian Springs in Sumner County, Tennessee (see Ancient American, vol. 12, no. 77). Dating to an earlier time than its Mississipian Period context, it commemorates a peace treaty between the Cherokee and Shawnee. The Cherokee chief wears a horse-hair crested helmet and carries the spear and shield of a Greek hoplite. His Shawnee adversary clasps hands in a wedding ceremony with a Cherokee woman who bears wampum belts as a pledge of peace, has her hair in a maidenly bun, wears a Middle Eastern-style plaid kilt, and displays a large star of David. In the Red Record or Walam Olum, we learn that before crossing the Mississippi, somewhere along the south bank of the Missouri, the Algonquians or Lenni Lenape (Delaware Indians), who are later allied with the Cherokee, encounter a foreign tribe they call the Stonys. Cherokee legends about Stone-coat demonstrate that the original Cherokee had metal armor and weapons. DNA studies confirm a mixture of “anomalous” East Mediterranean mitochondrial lineages such as Egyptian T, Greek U and Phoenician X with “standard” American Indian haplogroups A, B, C and D in the Cherokee and certain other Eastern Woodlands Indians.

To sum up, the Red Bird Petroglyph is a Greek inscription from the 2nd to 3rd century c.e., not a crude Cherokee scratching of around 1800 as announced recently by the Archeological Institute of America and the New York Times. It occurs above what is, in all likelihood, an inscription in Maccabean-era Hebrew. The Sequoyan syllabary for which these Greek and Hebrew inscriptions were mistaken originated in the Greek world of the Bronze Age along with other syllabaries like Linear A, Linear B and Cypro-Minoan. The Cherokee language, which today is Iroquoian, is the result of a relexification process in the distant past. It contains many relics of words of Greek origin, especially in the area of government, military terminology, mythology, athletics and ritual. Cherokee music also reflects Greek origins.  The Cherokee Indians are, quite literally, the Greeks of Native America.

Possum Creek Stone and Anomalous Cherokee DNA Point to East Mediterranean Origins (PPT)

Greek Words and Customs in Cherokee

Greek		Meaning	Cherokee	Meaning
alomenoi dakos dasis tynchana etheloikeoi* gennadas huios Dios illo, illas* kakotechneo kanon karanos kateis* kerux mona* neika* Ogyges ouktenna oulountata skia stix tanawa* (hoi en) telei theatas* theatron Thrax typho	wanderers (in a hopeless sense) noxious, devouring beast, whale hairy, shaggy like a beast things that befall volunteer settlers noble Son of Zeus (title of Herakles) wrap, twist; rope base arts, perjury, fraud straight-edge used by athletes a chief assembly herald stopping place, way-station contest titan of Greek mythology one not killed declared healthy ghost, shade abominable astronomical instrument those in authority spectator in a play theater, assembly  Thracian raise a smoke, make sacrifice	eloh’; elohi dakwa dachi tikano eshelokee kanat(i) Su-too Jee kilohi kaktunta kanuga Koranu** cahtiyis skarirosken** mona anetcha Ootschaye Uktena oolungtsata atchina Stichi Tchlanua tilihi tetchata tetchanun tchaskiri** Tathtowe,   Tistoe	migrants, wanderers; earth mythic great fish hairy water monster history Cherokee; original people doctor, hunter mythic strong man twisted hair clan (cf. Hawaiian hilo) taboo regulation scraper used by ballplayers war chief title assembly house speaker, herald land where the Elohi tarried ballplay rival of Sutoo Jee (Herakles) name of a dragon or serpent divining crystal for health ghost; cedar name of dangerous serpent Great Hawk brave, warrior Playful Cherokee fairy ceremonial enclosure sorcerer, Stoneclad ceremonial title; firecracker  (smoke) bringer (Santa Claus)

[SunkenCiv]

[gleeaikin]

I found Gloria Farley’s first volume quite interesting.

Also I remember a report that said that when Lewis and Clark went west, they stopped with the Manden Indians, and one of their group was able to communicate with them using Welsh.

[Bellflower]

And just like Muslims martyrs these "gods" get a bevy of wives. Mormonism as well as Islamism are both designed to lure men in by majorly stroking their egos. Men need to beware and not let their egos land them in a false religion that robs them of their souls.

Most women who convert are lured in by young Mormon men encouraged to make proselytes by marrying them. When a woman finds out how horrible the standing of woman is it is too late. My friend came very close to being sucked in but by prayer and the grace of God she pulled out at the last minute.

Other woman are born into it and are kept in it because it is all they know and have great fear believing if they do not have a husband to pull them into heaven, as they can only get into high heaven by having a husband who is willing to pull them in, they will never get in. Women are extremely subverted.

[wolfcreek]

What does that have to do with the Cherokee? }:~)

Anyone else think history is just a little convoluted?

[wolfcreek]

http://www.2012-doomsday-predictions.com/10118/hopi-atlanteans/

http://www.care2.com/c2c/groups/disc.html?gpp=18438&pst=1089714

“The Cherokee people have a prophecy about how the Great Spirit gathered all the people of the Earth then sent them to the four directions with a specific ‘Guardianship’ to learn the teachings of the earth.”

[wolfcreek]

I must of read about this sometime in the past because I basically pulled this out of thin air (or my butt)

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2082253/are_the_cherokee_people_from_atlantis.html

[SunkenCiv]

Thanks wc.

[SunkenCiv]

“The Rh negative blood factor is recessive” — Rh factor is a second protein generated by a section on chromosome 9. Rh negative means the code isn’t there, and the protein doesn’t get produced. Assuming the main blood type considerations are taken into account, Rh positive people can receive Rh negative transfusions, but not the other way, if memory serves.

[wolfcreek]

It’s been a while since I studied genetics but, I believe you’re right.

[restornu]

LOL

[craighullinger]

I have a pretty good paper trail back to a Cherokee woman

Hannah (Ianhanna) Poe 1780-1871

But when we conducted DNA testing, the MtDNA Haplogroup was T

Since if was not the typical A, B, C, D, or X I thought our paper trail must be wrong, or there was an unknown adoption, or a European woman had married into the tribe.

But it seems that there are a fair number of T MtDNA Haplogroups in northeastern US tribes.

More scoop about us at:

http://harlandna.blogspot.com

Our Haplogroup T

HVR1 Mutations

T16126C, A16129G, T16187C, C16189T, T16223C, G16230A, T16278C, C16294T, C16296T, C16311T

HVR2 Mutations

C146T, C152T, C195T, A247G, 522.1A, 522.2C, 309.1C, 315.1C

[HandyDandy]

My Mum was RHneg. Family “lore” says we have some Blackfoot in us. I have learned that the two worldwide groups that have the highest occurrence of RHneg blood are the Basques (Iberian Peninsula) and the Blackfoot Indian (akaThe Blood). Go figure. I ain’t a scholar, but it makes me wonder about “blood brothers” and the oft seen movie shots of slicing palms and then shaking hands.

[SunkenCiv]

Note: this topic is from 2010.

• Ancient Romans In Texas? [2002]
• Romans In Brazil During The Second Third Century? [2003]
• Romans In Brazil During The Second Third Century? [2004]
• The Roman Head From Tecaxic-Calixtlahuaca, Mexico: A Review Of The Evidence [2004]
• New Mexico's Mystery Stone [2006]
• Ancient stones a mystery for archeologists, scientists [ Los Lunas Decalogue ] [2011]