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New analysis shows three human migrations out of Africa, Replacement theory 'demolished'
Washington University in St. Louis ^ | 02 February 2006 | Tony Fitzpatrick

Posted on 02/10/2006 2:54:05 AM PST by PatrickHenry

A new, more robust analysis of recently derived human gene trees by Alan R. Templeton, Ph.D, of Washington University in St Louis, shows three distinct major waves of human migration out of Africa instead of just two, and statistically refutes — strongly — the 'Out of Africa' replacement theory.

That theory holds that populations of Homo sapiens left Africa 100,000 years ago and wiped out existing populations of humans. Templeton has shown that the African populations interbred with the Eurasian populations — thus, making love, not war.

"The 'Out of Africa' replacement theory has always been a big controversy," Templeton said. "I set up a null hypothesis and the program rejected that hypothesis using the new data with a probability level of 10 to the minus 17th. In science, you don't get any more conclusive than that. It says that the hypothesis of no interbreeding is so grossly incompatible with the data, that you can reject it."


Homo sapiens: 'Out of Africa' three distinct times, new analysis shows

Templeton's analysis is considered to be the only definitive statistical test to refute the theory, dominant in human evolution science for more than two decades.

"Not only does the new analysis reject the theory, it demolishes it," Templeton said.

Templeton published his results in the Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 2005.

A trellis, not a tree

He used a computer program called GEODIS, which he created in 1995 and later modified with the help of David Posada, Ph.D., and Keith Crandall, Ph.D. at Brigham Young University, to determine genetic relationships among and within populations based on an examination of specific haplotypes, clusters of genes that are inherited as a unit.

In 2002, Templeton analyzed ten different haplotype trees and performed phylogeographic analyses that reconstructed the history of the species through space and time.

Three years later, he had 25 regions to analyze and the data provided molecular evidence of a third migration, this one the oldest, back to 1.9 million years ago.

"This time frame corresponds extremely well with the fossil record, which shows Homo erectus expanding out of Africa then," Templeton said.

Another novel find is that populations of Homo erectus in Eurasia had recurrent genetic interchange with African populations 1.5 million years ago, much earlier than previously thought, and that these populations persisted instead of going extinct, which some human evolution researchers thought had occurred.

The new data confirm an expansion out of Africa to 700,000 years ago that was detected in the 2002 analysis.

"Both (the 1.9 million and 700,000 year) expansions coincide with recent paleoclimatic data that indicate periods of very high rainfall in eastern Africa, making what is now the Sahara Desert a savannah," Templeton said. "That makes the timing very amenable for movements of large populations through the area."

Templeton said that the fossil record indicates a significant change in brain size for modern humans at 700,000 years ago as well as the adaptation and expansion of a new stone tool culture first found in Africa and later at 700,000 years expanded throughout Eurasia.

"By the time you're done with this phase you can be 99 percent confident that there was recurrent genetic interchange between African and Eurasian populations," he said. "So the idea of pure, distinct races in humans does not exist. We humans don't have a tree relationship, rather a trellis. We're intertwined."


TOPICS: Culture/Society; Philosophy
KEYWORDS: africa; bloodbath; creation; crevolist; dmanisi; evolution; godsgravesglyphs; helixmakemineadouble; homoerectus; multiregionalism; origin; origins; outofafrica
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To: old and tired
There are no theories in anthropology which aren't evolutionary in nature, so there is no anti-evolutionary position to take.

This article assumes you know that most archeogeneticists believe that modern humanity is the result of a migration out of Africa about 100,000 ya that replaced existing archaic humans (aka Out of Africa). Templeton is a long time proponent of the "Multiregional Hypothesis" (humans are the result of Africans mixing with regional varieties of archaic humans).

What he's done is similar to what was done to gin up support for "Global Warming" i.e. a computer model and limited data. How important this is depends on how well done his computer model is and how representative his data is of populations at large.

What I find odd is the claim at the end. The Multiregional hypothesis has always seemed to be connected to fairly racist ideas and as far as I know had its start with the idea of polygenesis. The Catholic church seems to have a preference for the "Out of Africa" theory since it is seen as advocating that all humans are a single family.
41 posted on 02/10/2006 5:28:42 AM PST by Varda
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To: DesertSapper
"Thank you. You have already proven my previous assertion . . ."

So, you have nothing to actually add to the conversation? :)
42 posted on 02/10/2006 5:31:37 AM PST by CarolinaGuitarman ("There is grandeur in this view of life...")
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To: CarolinaGuitarman
Ha ha. Proven yet again.

Please continue . . .

43 posted on 02/10/2006 5:40:21 AM PST by DesertSapper (I love God, family, country . . . and dead Islamofacist terrorists !!!)
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To: IrishCatholic
In layman's terms. The theory used to be it's 700,000 years ago and you just emigrated from Africa, it's a Saturday night and there's nothing on cable. So you go out and kill everyone that doesn't look like you just came from Africa. The new theory is that it's 700,000 years ago and you just emigrated from Africa, it's a Saturday night and there's nothing on cable. So you go out and suddenly see this hot chick that looks exotic. She gives you the eye, you give her the eye, next thing you know you got three kids and the in laws living in your cave.

Now, you're talking my language. Thanks.

44 posted on 02/10/2006 5:42:24 AM PST by old and tired (Run Swannie, run!)
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To: DesertSapper
I guess what I am saying is that nobody gives a crap about your opinions of crevo threads. If you don't like them, stop posting on them. Or else participate. Your attempt to S%^^ on the thread is pretty pathetic.
45 posted on 02/10/2006 5:43:47 AM PST by CarolinaGuitarman ("There is grandeur in this view of life...")
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To: CarolinaGuitarman
I like that you have become the defacto speaker for the entire thread but . . .

"If you don't like them..." Obviously you didn't read my original post thoroughly: "It's a hoot." However, I must admit that I read these for the laughs; the "science" is a minor point. Gotta love crevo threads.

Your liberal-like anger at those who disagree with your points of view is part of the reason I follow these threads - to be amused by your sputterings.

If you don't like the threads I'm posting on, using your words - "stop posting on them." LOL Sorry, that was a joke - I truly believe, unlike you, that a Freeper can post what they like.

. . . nothing but love you for though . . .

Please continue and rest assured that I am being entertained!

46 posted on 02/10/2006 6:05:41 AM PST by DesertSapper (I love God, family, country . . . and dead Islamofacist terrorists !!!)
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To: CarolinaGuitarman

Don't feed the trolls.


47 posted on 02/10/2006 6:07:41 AM PST by js1138 (Great is the power of steady misrepresentation.)
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To: js1138

Good advice. This one isn't even entertaining. Too stupid.


48 posted on 02/10/2006 6:09:39 AM PST by CarolinaGuitarman ("There is grandeur in this view of life...")
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To: jalisco555
Please add me to your ping list.

Ding, ding! You bring the ping list up to 350 members. Your reward is to suffer the agony of getting pinged to all future evolution threads.

49 posted on 02/10/2006 6:10:36 AM PST by PatrickHenry (Cold fusion -- teach the controversy!)
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To: CarolinaGuitarman
Ta-da! I'm proven correct yet again.
50 posted on 02/10/2006 6:21:33 AM PST by DesertSapper (I love God, family, country . . . and dead Islamofacist terrorists !!!)
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To: PatrickHenry

LOL. I knew there was a catch to this.


51 posted on 02/10/2006 6:21:57 AM PST by jalisco555 ("Dogs look up to us, cats look down on us and pigs treat us as equals" Winston Churchill)
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To: ToryHeartland

Once again the rest of the world would do well to follow the example of the United States.


52 posted on 02/10/2006 6:32:12 AM PST by em2vn
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To: Vaquero
Is he saying that we do have a genetic intermix with Neanderthal or not?

As I have read, red hair and blue eyes are a genetic marker of the Neanderthal. My former wife had red hair and blue eyes. LOL.

53 posted on 02/10/2006 6:35:31 AM PST by GregoryFul
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To: old and tired

Maybe it's because you're old and tired :)


54 posted on 02/10/2006 6:35:46 AM PST by furball4paws (Awful Offal)
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To: ovrtaxt

A good looking woman from anywhere is a wonderful thing.


55 posted on 02/10/2006 6:37:30 AM PST by furball4paws (Awful Offal)
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To: GregoryFul

56 posted on 02/10/2006 6:38:53 AM PST by ASA Vet (Those who know don't talk, those who talk don't know.)
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To: IrishCatholic

"And the dawn comes up like thunder outer Chinas cross the bay"


57 posted on 02/10/2006 6:39:26 AM PST by furball4paws (Awful Offal)
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To: PatrickHenry
Templeton has shown that the African populations interbred with the Eurasian populations — thus, making love, not war.

Yes! Stop history now, I'm finally right about something!

PS: Pittsburgh stole the Super Bowl via the referees.

58 posted on 02/10/2006 6:45:52 AM PST by VadeRetro (Liberalism is a cancer on society. Creationism is a cancer on conservatism.)
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To: ASA Vet

And fierce! Yes, most definitely.


59 posted on 02/10/2006 6:48:19 AM PST by GregoryFul
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To: ToryHeartland

It's the same here. We have the Christian Socialists and the Social Democrats (operating under aliases).


60 posted on 02/10/2006 6:49:35 AM PST by Doctor Stochastic (Vegetabilisch = chaotisch ist der Charakter der Modernen. - Friedrich Schlegel)
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