Posted on 01/25/2010 10:04:28 PM PST by Coleus
Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease1,2,3,4,5
1 From the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute Oakland CA (PWS-TRMK)the Departments of Nutrition (QSFBH)Epidemiology (FBH) Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA.
2 PWS-T and QS contributed equally to this work.
3 The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the National Center for Research Resources (http://www.ncrr.nih.gov) or the National Institutes of Health.
4 Supported by the National Dairy Council (PWS-T and RMK) and made possible by grant UL1 RR024131-01 from the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research (PWS-T and RMK). QS was supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from Unilever Corporate Research. FBH was supported by NIH grant HL60712.
5 Address correspondence to RM Krauss, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Junior Way, Oakland, CA 94609. E-mail: rkrauss@chori.org .
ABSTRACT
Background: A reduction in dietary saturated fat has generally been thought to improve cardiovascular health.
Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence related to the association of dietary saturated fat with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and cardiovascular disease (CVD; CHD inclusive of stroke) in prospective epidemiologic studies.
Design: Twenty-one studies identified by searching MEDLINE and EMBASE databases and secondary referencing qualified for inclusion in this study. A random-effects model was used to derive composite relative risk estimates for CHD, stroke, and CVD.
Results: During 5–23 y of follow-up of 347,747 subjects, 11,006 developed CHD or stroke. Intake of saturated fat was not associated with an increased risk of CHD, stroke, or CVD. The pooled relative risk estimates that compared extreme quantiles of saturated fat intake were 1.07 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.19; P = 0.22) for CHD, 0.81 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.05; P = 0.11) for stroke, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.11; P = 0.95) for CVD. Consideration of age, sex, and study quality did not change the results.
Conclusions: A meta-analysis of prospective epidemiologic studies showed that there is no significant evidence for concluding that dietary saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of CHD or CVD. More data are needed to elucidate whether CVD risks are likely to be influenced by the specific nutrients used to replace saturated fat.
Received for publication March 6, 2009. Accepted for publication November 25, 2009.
.
I just recently went back to real butter and I season with bacon grease, if I die sooner, I’ll be happier before I die.
No surprise to me.
I’ve always thought that previous studies that showed a risk were rendered useless by lumping artificial trans fatty acids in the same category with natural saturated fats.
You’re better off just eliminating white flour and all sugar from your diet.
Once you do that it is amazing how much better other foods taste, and how much better you physically feel.
Carbs are converted to fat. That is why consuming a lot of sugar will make people fat.
In other words, all those “FAT FREE” label markings on sugary foods, are meaningless, and misleading.
why aren’t more cows dropping dead of heart attacks?
because they are dropping dead because we want to eat them
Butter not only tastes better than margarine, it melts at a lower temperature, is easier to digest, and one can use less to the same effect....yeah, less...HA!
Bacon fat and lard also melt at a lower temperature and taste better.
Real or not, like this study. Fits the “eat ‘right’ (some dispute here), stay fit, die anyway” paradigm.
Animal protein, butter, veg, fiber, some complex carbs....BGL looking pretty good. Your mileage may vary.
“There are many other causes including genetics, inflamation, bacteria, old age, etc. “
not getting enough omega 3’s may be part of it.
Why does it seem that my vegetarian friends seem to crave sugary things so bad? Could it be that too low of a fat or protein diet causes sugar cravings?
two words: Gertrude Baines
bacon and eggs !
Have a good french meal and - even with the small portions - you won’t be hungry until tomorrow.
Actually, the beef that we eat is mostly fed a mixture of corn and high carbohydrate grains. You can buy range-fed beef (cattle that eat grass only) and it is very lean; scarcely any fat at all. The last time I looked, range-fed ground beef was selling for about $6 a pound.
It is the high intake of cheap carbohydrates - refined sugar, potatoes, corn, most grains including rice; anything white and is sold in a cardboard box - that is responsible for causing fat in the animal or person eating it.
I do know that your body needs fat in the diet to perform certain processes at the cellular level that keep us healthy. And, I'm convinced that removing fat from your diet causes malfunctions in the brain (Alzheimer) because the synapses require fat to function properly.
The most obese people around always say that they are on low fat diets which generally means that they are consuming vast amounts of simple carbhodrates; refined sugar, potatoes, grains including rice; anything in the grocery store that is sold in a cardboard box and soft drinks.
I don’t know.
I eat a lot of meat - beef and chicken - at minimum, half a pound each day.
I also crave sugar.
Right now, in my personal confection cabinet, is a bag of Kit-Kat, five large Cadbury chocolate bars, a box of butter mints, a bag of Island (coconut-chocolate candy) and a bag of Snickers, all of which were purchased a week ago. I don’t expect any of this remaining, by the end of next week, and I’m the only one consuming it.
Am I a sugar addict?
because they are dropping dead because we want to eat them
Thank you, I needed that this morning...
“why aren’t more cows dropping dead of heart attacks?
because they are dropping dead because we want to eat them”
LOL! Made my day. Also made me hungry for a hunk of protein. Will now forage for food.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.