cave painting lascaux
Posted on 09/03/2009 11:47:19 AM PDT by decimon
Analysis of ancient DNA from skeletons suggests that Europe's first farmers were not the descendants of the people who settled the area after the retreat of the ice sheets. Instead, the early farmers probably migrated into major areas of central and eastern Europe about 7,500 years ago, bringing domesticated plants and animals with them, says Barbara Bramanti from Mainz University in Germany and colleagues. The researchers analyzed DNA from hunter-gatherer and early farmer burials, and compared those to each other and to the DNA of modern Europeans. They conclude that there is little evidence of a direct genetic link between the hunter-gatherers and the early farmers, and 82 percent of the types of mtDNA found in the hunter-gatherers are relatively rare in central Europeans today.
For more than a century archaeologists, anthropologists, linguists, and more recently, geneticists, have argued about who the ancestors of Europeans living today were. We know that people lived in Europe before and after the last big ice age and managed to survive by hunting and gathering. We also know that farming spread into Europe from the Near East over the last 9,000 years, thereby increasing the amount of food that can be produced by as much as 100-fold. But the extent to which modern Europeans are descended from either of those two groups has eluded scientists despite many attempts to answer this question.
Now, a team from Mainz University in Germany, together with researchers from UCL (University College London) and Cambridge, have found that the first farmers in central and northern Europe could not have been the descendents of the hunter-gatherers that came before them. But what is even more surprising, they also found that modern Europeans couldn't solely be the descendents of either the hunter-gatherer alone, or the first farmers alone, and are unlikely to be a mixture of just those two groups. "This is really odd", said Professor Mark Thomas, a population geneticist at UCL and co-author of the study. "For more than a century the debate has centered around how much we are the descendents of European hunter-gatherers and how much we are the descendents of Europe's early farmers. For the first time we are now able to directly compare the genes of these Stone Age Europeans, and what we find is that some DNA types just aren't there - despite being common in Europeans today."
Humans arrived in Europe 45,000 years ago and replaced the Neandertals. From that period on, European hunter-gatherers experienced lots of climatic changes, including the last Ice Age. After the end of the Ice Age, some 11,000 years ago, the hunter-gatherer lifestyle survived for a couple of thousand years but was then gradually replaced by agriculture. The question was whether this change in lifestyle from hunter-gatherer to farmer was brought to Europe by new people, or whether only the idea of farming spread. The new results from the Mainz-led team seems to solve much of this long standing debate.
"Our analysis shows that there is no direct continuity between hunter-gatherers and farmers in Central Europe," says Prof Joachim Burger. "As the hunter-gatherers were there first, the farmers must have immigrated into the area."
The study identifies the Carpathian Basin as the origin for early Central European farmers. "It seems that farmers of the Linearbandkeramik culture immigrated from what is modern day Hungary around 7,500 years ago into Central Europe, initially without mixing with local hunter gatherers," says Barbara Bramanti, first author of the study. "This is surprising, because there were cultural contacts between the locals and the immigrants, but, it appears, no genetic exchange of women."
The new study confirms what Joachim Burger´s team showed in 2005; that the first farmers were not the direct ancestors of modern European. Burger says "We are still searching for those remaining components of modern European ancestry. European hunter-gatherers and early farmers alone are not enough. But new ancient DNA data from later periods in European prehistory may shed also light on this in the future."
Linearbandkeramik ping.
That seems to have been the pattern on this continent also.
Actually, it appears to have been the pattern everywhere.
China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Africa, South America, etc.
The difference is that when non-white peoples displace non-white peoples a neutral verb like “replace” is used, as in the headline and in Jason Diamond’s famous book Guns, Germs and Steel.
When white people displace non-white people as in USA and Oz, suddenly emotive and pejorative words like “invade,” “conquer” and “genocide” are more appropriate.
Besides, women decided that carrying the tents while following the migrating herds really sucked.
Erich von Däniken, please call the office! ;^)
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Thanks decimon.Analysis of ancient DNA from skeletons suggests that Europe's first farmers... probably migrated into major areas of central and eastern Europe about 7,500 years ago......somebody ring up Ryan and Pitman. :') |
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The Neandertal EnigmaFrayer's own reading of the record reveals a number of overlooked traits that clearly and specifically link the Neandertals to the Cro-Magnons. One such trait is the shape of the opening of the nerve canal in the lower jaw, a spot where dentists often give a pain-blocking injection. In many Neandertal, the upper portion of the opening is covered by a broad bony ridge, a curious feature also carried by a significant number of Cro-Magnons. But none of the alleged 'ancestors of us all' fossils from Africa have it, and it is extremely rare in modern people outside Europe." [pp 126-127]
by James Shreeve
in local libraries
INTREP
I have posting LBK stuff for years, where were you? Get into Human Sacrifice, Cannibalism, and early organized warfare and it gets better.
What is LBK?
Yup.
Worthless White people.
They're attacking all White people now after the successful 35+ years war against White males that was conducted by White females and joined by all other races.
I like the terminology the anthropologists use. The IndoEuropeans invaded Europe about 7,500 years ago and (replaced) the original inhabitants. Replaced means killed, raped, took as slaves, and otherwise removed them from the face of the Earth.
One wonders what kind of a world we would live in if the original Europeans had driven the IndoEuropeans back to Carpathia?
He says that 85% of the DNA in the British Isles is very ancient and goes back to day one, 12-16,000 years ago. They absolutely were not replaced by farmer invaders. Farming moved, not the farmers.
His studies elsewhere indicate that once a DNA type (The original) settles into a region it is seldom replaced.
I highly recommend Oppenheimers book:
""This book challenges some of our longest held assumptions about the differences between Anglo-Saxons and Celts – perceived differences that have informed our collective sense of identity.Orthodox history has long taught that the Romans found a uniformly Celtic population throughout the British Isles, but that the peoples of the English heartland fell victim to genocide by the Anglo-Saxon hordes during the fifth and sixth centuries."
"Now Stephen Oppenheimer’s groundbreaking genetic research has revealed that the ‘Anglo-Saxon invasion’ contributed only a tiny fraction to the English gene pool. In fact, three quarters of English people can trace an unbroken line of genetic descent through their parental genes from settlers arriving long before the introduction of farming."
But the 12-16000 year time frame may not translate into the FIRST farmers in Europe, since the first “modern” humans arrived there 45,000 years ago.
I don't understand what you're saying.
BTW, my dad's mother, Mrs Smith, was related to Cheddar Man, both are mtDNA haplotype U5a.
I'm yDNA halpotype R1b DYS390-23, which indicates I came out of the Iberian Ice Age refuge and made my way to Denmark then later to Ireland, possibly as a Viking.
Hmmm, so I wonder if the Indo-Europeans were these first farmers or a later group that fill in the supposed missing DNA needed to make modern Europeans.
They may not have gotten as far as Britain, but one theory I’ve seen is that farmers from the Black Sea region migrated up the Danube valley after the Bosporus dam broke and flooded the region around the Sea. Same theory that others pushed east, ultimately to Tocharia. The time frame would seem to fit with this paper.
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