Archaeogenetic research refutes earlier findings

...a team of archaeologists excavating in India then claimed to have found evidence that modern humans were there before the eruption possibly as early as 120,000 years ago, much earlier than Europe or the Near East were colonised. These findings, based on the discovery of stone tools below a layer of Toba ash, were published in Science in 2007.

Now Professor Richards working principally with the archaeologist Professor Sir Paul Mellars, of the University of Cambridge and the University of Edinburgh, with a team including Huddersfield University s Dr Martin Carr and colleagues from York and Porto has published his rebuttal of this theory. In doing so, they have been able to draw on a much greater body of DNA evidence that was available for the earlier article.

One of the things we didn't have in 2005 was very much evidence from India in the way of mitochondrial sequences. Now, with a lot of people doing sequencing and depositing material in databases there are about 1,000 sequences from India, said Professor Richards.

By using the mitochondrial DNA of today s populations and working backwards, and by drawing on a wide variety of other evidence and research, the team was able to make much more precise estimates for the arrival of modern humans in India.

Just did a quick read through on the short faced bear ~ it was big, and it was in North America (particularly California).

Dude could do 40 MPH. So, it could probably prevent human permanent settlement at will.

Which brings me to another thought on that matter. We know the first human beings to permanently settle over a broad area in North America were from Europe ~ the Sa'ami ~ or Clovis Culture people.

So, what is it that they have that bears don't? Well, the Sa'ami have, and had, and may well have had for thousands of years, an item called the SKI.

They can go 60 to 70 MPH themselves.

Those recently revealed rock carvings in the Russian Kola show instructions on how to kill a bear ~ using skis to your advantage.

The article noted the Short Faced bear may well have preyed on the smaller smilodon! But the Sa'ami showed how to trick one to get a new fur coat.

You do know about the Mississippi valley ~ a 17 mile deep crack in North America?

There are lateral faults as well as extended faults that occurred in the same geologic movement that made the first big crack ~ one is the Carmel fault, and there's one under the Wabash where it used to be ~ not where it is today. That's over further East toward Washington County.

These are all UNDER the various layers of limestone, so these are really really really old volcanic vents ~ but they are plugged with material that is easily melted.

You will want to look for PLUTON when it comes to the locations of the hot spots ~ they are all around the central continental core that undergirds much of Southern Indiana ~ but it has its connections to a geologic feature called The Cincinnati Arch.

There is also a mountain range down there buried under various lava flows which are under the limestone!

The locals know about the hot springs at Martinsville, West Baden, and Uniontown ~ my ancestors owned the one at Uniontown. They had hot water and cold water, and sometimes steaming hot water. There is an Indian settlement near there that probably dates back to 9,500 years ago. Same with Martinsville, et al.

The hot springs are a result of ancient residual heat and the circulation of water through it and then back to the surface.

I think Paoli has one too.

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