subtitle, "Migrants came in three distinct waves that interbred once in the New World".
Interview with Professor Antonio Torroni of the University of Pavia | The Auramala Project
Posted on 09/02/2013 8:46:52 AM PDT by SunkenCiv
The scientists examined the DNA of mitochondria, tiny power plants within cells that get passed down from mother to child. Scientists use mitochondrial DNA from living populations to decipher ancient movements of their ancestors. Most studies have examined only a small part of the mitochondria's circular piece of DNA. But Antonio Torroni, a geneticist at the University of Pavia in Italy, and his coauthors compiled complete mitochondrial genomes from 41 native North Americans and combined that data with information from previous studies... supports the widely accepted notion of an initial coastal migration wave. A second wave of migration probably left Siberia only a couple thousand years after the first wave. Instead of trickling down the coast, the second group slipped through an ice-free corridor running from Alaska into what is now southern Canada, the team found. The second wave never made it south of the present-day United States.
The mixture of first-wave and second-wave genetic signatures in some Native Americans today indicates that the newcomers and existing populations interbred.
A third wave of migration started around 4,000 years ago in Alaska and swept mostly eastward across Canada.
Previous studies of human migration into the Americas have sometimes focused on two types of languages that emerged among the tribes: the Na-Dene language family, including Navajo, Apache and Tlingit, and non-Na-Dene languages, including Algonquin, Ojibwe and Chippewa. Scientists had thought the language groups reflected genetic separation, with the second wave being restricted to the Na-Dene language family. But Torroni and his colleagues discovered that second-wave genetic marks occurred in people who spoke languages from both groups.
(Excerpt) Read more at sciencenews.org ...
Interview with Professor Antonio Torroni of the University of Pavia | The Auramala Project
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Can we please not use the term Native American, especially when describing how they migrated here.
There was a fourth wave that was far larger and really populated North America.
The dominant Haplotype was R1B. The Atlantic Modal Haplotype.
But since that comes from Western Europe, I guess the Italian professor doesn’t want to talk about it.
Pre-Columbian, hegemonic Occupiers.
The proper term is of course aboriginal.
But knowing their own migration paths and timing, even that can be sketchy to use. They aren't really "indigenous", just earliest arrivals.
And the use of the reference word for Amerigo Vespucci to describe them borders on hilarious.
So.....we have “Sovereign Nations” of Chinese within our borders. That’s racist and discriminatory. The French don’t have their own sovereign nations within our borders. I think it’s time we quit pulling their rickshaws and let them be Americans.
We are all immigrants.
I use the term "Native American" because the term "Indian" is wildly inaccurate, and there is no accurate term by which to call them. "Native American" is the best among poor choices.
What’s the source of the map? I’d like to see it with the explanation of the populations denoted by the letters.
Aborigine: A member of the indigenous or earliest known population of a region
Which means of course that only the first-wave immigrants here discussed qualify. The second and third waves are no more aboriginal than the European fourth wave.
Aborigine: A member of the indigenous or earliest known population of a region
Which means of course that only the first-wave immigrants here discussed qualify. The second and third waves are no more aboriginal than the European fourth wave.
"Indian" is a morphing of "en Dios," the second half of what the Spanish missionaries called the continental inhabitants: "niños en Dios," meaning children in God.
"Native American" is the best among poor choices.
I would think that the best choice, though it will never catch on south of the Canadian border, is "First Nations," meaning the nations who were here first.
How about Paleo-Americans.
There are no humans native to the Americas...everybody migrated here.
The "en Dios" version sounds like a later invention.
Good point. And a large percentage of them are native Americans, having been born in America.
How about "Amerindian"? Still has lot of syllables though.
Personally, I like "NDN".
That's right. Just like the rest of us, they're the descendants of immigrants.
In reality, with the possible exception of West Africa, every nation in the world is populated by people whose ancestors came from somewhere else. We're all "nations of immigrants."
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